1. India and its Neighborhood – Relations
- Border & Security Issues: Evolution of boundary disputes with China (LAC) and Pakistan (LoC).
- Bilateral Ties: Comprehensive study of relations with:
- China: BRI (Belt and Road Initiative), String of Pearls, and trade deficit.
- Pakistan: Indus Water Treaty, terrorism, and future of ties.
- Others: Strategic cooperation with Bangladesh (Teesta water), Nepal (constitutional concerns), Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Maldives.
2. Bilateral, Regional, and Global Groupings
- Global Powers: Strategic partnerships with the USA (2+2 Dialogue, defense deals), Russia (S-400, energy ties), Japan, France, and Germany.
- Regional Groupings:
- ASEAN & Act East Policy: Economic and security cooperation in Southeast Asia.
- West Asia: Look West Policy, I2U2, and relations with UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Israel.
- Central Asia: Connect Central Asia policy and the INSTC (International North-South Transport Corridor).
- Global Fora: Participation in G20, BRICS, SCO, QUAD, and the International Solar Alliance.
3. Effect of Global Policies on India’s Interests
- Geopolitics of Developed Nations: Impact of US-China trade wars, protectionist regimes (H-1B visa issues), and sanctions (CAATSA) on the Indian economy.
- Global Conflicts: Impact of the Syrian crisis, Russia-Ukraine conflict, and South China Sea disputes on regional stability and energy security.
- Indian Diaspora: Role of the diaspora in host countries’ politics, remittances, and welfare schemes for overseas Indians.
4. Important International Institutions
- United Nations (UN): Structure, mandate, and the demand for permanent membership (UNSC reforms).
- Economic Organizations: WTO (reforms and negotiations), IMF, and World Bank (post-globalization challenges).
- Regimes & Agencies: Multilateral export control regimes (NSG, MTCR, Wassenaar Arrangement) and agencies like WHO, NATO, and OPEC.
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