Part 1: Constitutional Framework
- Historical Background: Evolution from the Regulating Act (1773) to the Indian Independence Act (1947).
- Making of the Constitution: The Constituent Assembly, its committees, and the enactment of the Constitution.
- Salient Features & Preamble: Philosophy of the Preamble, the Basic Structure Doctrine, and a comparison with other global constitutions.
- Union & its Territory: Articles 1–4, the reorganization of states, and the State Reorganisation Commission.
- Citizenship: Articles 5–11, the Citizenship Act (1955), and recent amendments.
Phase 2: Fundamental Principles
- Fundamental Rights (FR): Articles 12–35, nature and enforceability, and recent judicial interpretations.
- Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP): Articles 36–51, classification (Gandhian, Socialist, Liberal), and conflicts with FRs.
- Fundamental Duties: Article 51A and the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
Part 3: Central & State Governments
- Union Executive: The President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers.
- Parliament: Structure of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, legislative procedures, motions (Question Hour, Zero Hour), and Parliamentary Committees.
- State Government: The Governor’s role and powers, the Chief Minister, and State Legislatures.
- The Judiciary: The Supreme Court, High Courts, Subordinate Courts, and concepts like Judicial Review and Activism.
Part 4: Governance & Local Self-Government
- Local Government: 73rd and 74th Amendments (Panchayati Raj and Municipalities) and the PESA Act.
- Federalism & Relations: Centre-State relations (Legislative, Administrative, Financial), Inter-State relations, and the role of the Finance Commission.
- Emergency Provisions: National, State, and Financial emergencies (Articles 352, 356, 360).
Part 5: Constitutional & Non-Constitutional Bodies
- Constitutional Bodies: Election Commission, UPSC, SPSC, CAG, Finance Commission, and National Commissions for SCs/STs.
- Non-Constitutional Bodies: NITI Aayog, NHRC, CVC, Central Information Commission (CIC), and Lokpal/Lokayuktas.
Part 6: Miscellaneous Topics
- Electoral Process: Representation of People’s Act (1950 & 1951), electoral reforms, and the Anti-Defection Law.
- Public Policy & Rights: Rights issues, welfare schemes, and administrative tribunals.
- Schedules & Amendments: Detailed study of the 12 Schedules and major Constitutional Amendments (e.g., 42nd, 44th, 101st-105th).
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