F
Factory

Definition: Trading post established by European companies in India.• Time Period: 17th–18th century• UPSC Prelims...

Fair and Remunerative Price

Definition: Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) is the minimum statutory price that sugar mills must...

Farman

Definition: A royal edict issued by the Mughal Emperor.• Time Period: Mughal period• UPSC Prelims...

Fault

Definition: Fracture in Earth’s crust with displacement.Prelims Pointers: Normal, reverse, strike-slip faults.PYQ: UPSC Prelims 2016Current...

Fertigation

Definition: Fertigation is the application of fertilizers through an irrigation system, most commonly drip irrigation.Key...

Financial Inclusion Index

Definition: RBI composite index measuring financial inclusion. Key Pointers: • No base year. • Usage has highest weight. •...

First Anglo-Mysore War

Definition: War between Mysore and British.• Time Period: 1767–1769• UPSC Prelims Pointers: Treaty of Madras.

First Anglo-Sikh War

Definition: War between British and Sikhs.• Time Period: 1845–1846• UPSC Prelims Pointers: British victory; Treaty...

First Carnatic War

Definition: Conflict between English and French in India.• Time Period: 1746–1748• UPSC Prelims Pointers: Linked...

Fiscal Deficit

Definition: The gap between the government’s total expenditure and its total receipts excluding borrowings. It...

Fiscal Drag

Definition: A situation where inflation and income growth push taxpayers into higher tax brackets, increasing...

Flash Floods

Definition: Sudden floods due to intense rainfall.PYQ: 2021

Foehn

Definition: Warm, dry downslope wind on the leeward side of the Alps.Key Facts: Caused by...

Fog

Definition: Dense cloud near ground reducing visibility below 1 km.PYQ: 2018

Fold Mountains

Definition: Mountains formed due to folding of crust under compression.Prelims Pointers: Rich in minerals; Rivers—Indus,...

Foliation

Definition: Layered structure in metamorphic rocks.Key Facts: Seen in gneiss and schist.

Forsterite

Definition: Magnesium-rich end member of olivine.Key Facts: Formula Mg2SiO4.UPSC Note: Olivine group mineral.

Fort St. George

Definition: First English fort in India.• Time Period: 1644• UPSC Prelims Pointers: Located in Madras...

Fort William

Definition: British fort in Calcutta.• Time Period: 1696• UPSC Prelims Pointers: Associated with Black Hole...

Fort William College

Institution established for training civil servants.UPSC Traps: Founded in 1800 at Calcutta; promoted oriental studies.

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War

Definition: Final defeat of Tipu Sultan.• Time Period: 1799• UPSC Prelims Pointers: Tipu Sultan died.

Francisco de Almeida

Definition: First Portuguese Governor in India.• Time Period: 1505–1509• UPSC Prelims Pointers: Advocate of Blue...

Frontal Rainfall

Definition: Rainfall caused by meeting of warm & cold air masses.PYQ: 2014

Frost

Definition: Deposition of ice crystals when temperature falls below 0°C.Impact: Damages crops.PYQ: 2014

Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee

Sub-committee that framed fundamental rights provisions.Chaired by J.B. Kripalani.Included B.R. Ambedkar.Borrowed from global constitutions.